ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Bacillus anthracis strain SPV842_15 was isolated from bovine fetus, while B. anthracis strain Brazilian vaccinal was recovered from a commercial vaccine. We report here the genome sequences of both strains. The SPV842_15 genome is composed of a single circular chromosome with a length of 5,228,664 base pairs, and comprises 5911 coding sequences. In turn, the Brazilian vaccinal genome remains in 201 contigs with 5733 coding sequences. Both genomes have an overall C + G content of 35.4%, and 11 genes encoding the ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) 5S, 16S and 23S. Only the plasmid pX01 sequence, which carries genes for toxins synthesis, was detected and completely assembled for both strains. These plasmids have a length of 181,684 base pairs and a C + G content of 32.5%. These genomic data generate insights about vaccinal B. anthracis virulence.
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Bacillus anthracis/isolation & purification , Bacillus anthracis/genetics , Bacterial Vaccines/genetics , Cattle Diseases/microbiology , Genome, Bacterial , Phylogeny , Plasmids/genetics , Bacillus anthracis/classification , Base Composition , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Bacterial Vaccines/isolation & purification , Base SequenceABSTRACT
In this presentation an attempt has been made to describe the nine-banded armadillo as an animal model, probably the only one in which lepromatous leprosy similar to that found in humans can be experimentally produced. Some unique features of the physiology of the animal are mentioned. The pathology and the microbiology of leprosy in the armadillo are described in detail. The discovery of lepromatous leprosy in the wild armadillos in the southern parts of United States, the transmission of disease among them through trauma and thorn pricks and the pathogenesis of the disease are presented. The impact of leprosy in the wild animals may have on human leprosy is discussed.
Subject(s)
Animals , Armadillos/physiology , Bacterial Vaccines/isolation & purification , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Humans , Leprosy, Lepromatous/etiology , MaleABSTRACT
The live oral typhoid vaccine Salmonella typhi Ty2la has been successfully used as an effective public health tool for the control of typhoid fever. This paper reviews the progress of one vaccine development programme, which uses this organism as a carrier of the O-antigens of Vibrio cholerae. It is already known that antibodies directed against the O-antigens have been previously demonstrated in animals to be protective against subsequent challenge with virulent organisms. This paper reports that the hybrid orally administrable typhoid/cholera vaccines that have resulted through this programme are immunogenic in humans, and therefore this represents the first significant step towards the development of an effective bivalent typhoid/cholera oral vaccine.